PHOTO: Brazil: In December 2001, a girl, Elaine da Paixao Santos, stands in front of a wall on which she has drawn a heart and the inscription "I love you, mom" in Portuguese, on the grounds of the Mother City Foundation in La Paz, a poor neighbourhood in Salvador, capital of the eastern state of Bahia in Brazil. Elaine lives with her grandmother to avoid the fighting in her parents’ home. (UNICEF/HQ01-0442/Claudio Versiani)
> Bibliography
Kevin Lalor. (July, 2003). Child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Social Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology.

This article reviews the English-language literature on child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The focus is on the sexual abuse of children in the home/community, as opposed to the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Samples are predominantly clinical or University based. A number of studies report that approximately 5% of the sample reported penetrative sexual abuse during their childhood. The most frequent explanations for the sexual abuse of children in SSA include rapid social change, AIDS/HIV avoidance strategies and the patriarchal nature of society.

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