This report analyses and identifies elements and principles that influence the HIV/AIDS peer education program quality and effectiveness. It provides a needs assessment which identifies nine priority areas and summarizes the findings and recommendations for each. The nine area are as follows: integration of HIV/AIDS peer education with other interventions; finding and keeping peer educators; training and supervising peer educators; gender, sexuality, and the sociocultural context; program activities to foster behavior change; care for people living with HIV/AIDS; stakeholders; program sustainability; and evaluation and operations research. The report concludes that the process of conducting a needs assessment to identify topics of concern worked well for developing the consultation agenda on HIV/AIDS peer education. It proposes that continued funding by donors and governments is needed.