The article states that the international standards on how children and juveniles should be treated in armed conflict, internal strife and situations of militarized violence are too little known and even less implemented. It explores how child participants in armed conflict, internal violence and other militarized situations are treated by the justice system by looking at the issue in four different contexts. Firstly, it addresses children legally recruited by the government, then those in internal and international armed conflicts, those children who surrender, are demobilized or captured during armed conflict and finally children caught up in terrorism.